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to toast oneself in front of the fire

  • 1 toast

    A n
    1 ( grilled bread) toast m, pain m grillé ; a piece ou slice of toast un toast, une tranche de pain grillé ; cheese/mushrooms on toast toast m au fromage/aux champignons ; to make (some) toast faire des toasts ;
    2 ( tribute) toast m ; to drink a toast lever son verre (to sth à qch) ; to drink a toast to sb porter un toast à qn ; to propose a toast proposer un toast (to sb en l'honneur de qn ; to sth à qch) ; ‘join me in a toast to the bride and groom’ ‘buvons à la santé des nouveaux mariés’ ;
    3 ( popular person) the toast of l'idole de [group] ; she's the toast of the town on ne parle que d'elle.
    B vtr
    1 Culin toaster, faire griller [bread, roll] ; faire griller [sandwich] ; faire dorer [cheese, topping] ; (faire) griller [sesame seeds, nuts] ; to toast one's toes in front of the fire se chauffer les orteils devant le feu ;
    2 ( propose a toast to) porter un toast à [person, success, victory] ; ( drink a toast to) [guests] boire à la santé de [person] ; lever son verre à [success, freedom].
    C v refl to toast oneself in front of the fire se chauffer devant le feu.
    D toasted pp adj [sandwich, chestnuts, sesame seeds, marshmallows] grillé.
    to be as warm as toast [person] être bien au chaud ; [bed, room] être bien chaud.

    Big English-French dictionary > toast

  • 2 ♦ toast

    ♦ toast (1) /təʊst/
    A n. [u]
    toast; pane tostato; tostino; crostino; pane abbrustolito; tosto ( raro): anchovies on toast, crostini d'acciughe
    B a. pred. ( USA)
    1 fregato; fottuto (volg.); spacciato; finito: (fam.) You're toast, sei fregato; sei fottuto
    2 eccellente; grandioso; fantastico
    ● toast bread, pane per i toast, pane in cassetta □ (fam.) toast rack, porta-tost; portacrostini; (fig.) autobus (o tram) a sedili lunghi, aperto ai fianchi □ to be as warm as toast, avere un gran caldo □ ( slang raro) to have sb. on toast, avere q. in pugno
    FALSI AMICI: toast non significa toast nel senso di panino tostato. NOTA D'USO: - toast- toast (2) /təʊst/
    n.
    1 brindisi: to propose (o to drink) a toast to sb., fare un brindisi a q.
    2 – the toast, la persona in onore della quale si brinda; il festeggiato
    ● (antiq.) She was the toast of the town in her day, ai suoi tempi era molto festeggiata (o ammirata).
    (to) toast (1) /təʊst/
    A v. t.
    1 tostare; torrefare; abbrustolire
    2 (fig.) riscaldare; scaldare: to toast one's feet by the fire, scaldarsi i piedi al fuoco
    B v. i.
    1 tostarsi; abbrustolirsi
    2 (fig.) abbrustolirsi, scaldarsi: The bathers toasted in the sun, i bagnanti s'abbrustolivano al sole
    ● (fig.) to toast oneself, abbrustolirsi, scaldarsi: I like to toast myself in front of the fire, mi piace abbrustolirmi davanti al fuoco □ ( cucina) toasting fork, forchettone per abbrustolire il pane.
    (to) toast (2) /təʊst/
    A v. t.
    fare un brindisi a (q.); bere alla salute di (q.)
    B v. i.
    fare un brindisi; brindare.

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ toast

  • 3 toast

    I
    1. təust verb
    (to make (bread etc) brown in front of direct heat: We toasted slices of bread for tea.) tostar

    2. noun
    (bread that has been toasted: He always has two pieces of toast for breakfast.) tostada
    - toaster
    - toaster oven
    - toastrack
    II
    1. təust verb
    (to drink ceremonially in honour of, or to wish success to (someone or something): We toasted the bride and bridegroom / the new ship.) brindar (por), beber a la salud (de)

    2. noun
    1) (an act of toasting: Let's drink a toast to our friends!) brindis
    2) (the wish conveyed, or the person etc honoured, by such an act.) brindis; persona objeto de un brindis
    toast n tostadas
    tr[təʊst]
    1 (food) pan nombre masculino tostado
    1 (cook) tostar
    2 (drink) brindar por, beber a la salud de
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    toast rack portatostadas m inv
    toast ['to:st] vt
    1) : tostar (pan)
    2) : brindar por
    to toast the victors: brindar por los vencedores
    3) warm: calentar
    to toast oneself: calentarse
    1) : pan m tostado, tostadas fpl
    2) : brindis m
    to propose a toast: proponer un brindis
    v.
    • brindar v.
    • brindar por v.
    • torrar v.
    • tostar v.
    • turrar v.
    n.
    • brindis s.m.
    • pan tostado s.m.
    • tostada s.f.
    təʊst
    I
    1) u tostadas fpl, pan m tostado

    a piece o slice of toast — una tostada or (Chi, Méx) un pan tostado

    2) c
    a) ( tribute)

    toast (TO somebody) — brindis m (por alguien)

    b) ( person)

    II
    1.
    1) ( Culin) \<\<bread/muffin\>\> tostar*

    toasted sandwich — sándwich m tostado or (CS) caliente

    2) ( drink tribute to) \<\<person/success\>\> brindar por

    2.
    vi \<\<bread/muffin\>\> tostarse*
    [tǝʊst]
    1. N
    1) (=bread) pan m tostado, tostada f
    2) (=drink) brindis m inv (to por)

    here's a toast to all who... — brindemos por todos los que...

    - be the toast of the town
    2. VT
    1) [+ bread] tostar
    2) (=drink to) brindar por
    3.
    CPD

    toast list N — lista f de brindis

    toast rack N — rejilla f para tostadas

    * * *
    [təʊst]
    I
    1) u tostadas fpl, pan m tostado

    a piece o slice of toast — una tostada or (Chi, Méx) un pan tostado

    2) c
    a) ( tribute)

    toast (TO somebody) — brindis m (por alguien)

    b) ( person)

    II
    1.
    1) ( Culin) \<\<bread/muffin\>\> tostar*

    toasted sandwich — sándwich m tostado or (CS) caliente

    2) ( drink tribute to) \<\<person/success\>\> brindar por

    2.
    vi \<\<bread/muffin\>\> tostarse*

    English-spanish dictionary > toast

  • 4 toast

    1. noun
    1) no pl., no indef. art. Toast, der

    cheese/egg on toast — Toast mit Käse/Ei

    as warm as toast — (fig.) schön warm (ugs.)

    2) (call to drink) Toast, der

    drink/propose a toast to somebody/something — auf jemanden/etwas trinken/einen Toast auf jemanden/etwas ausbringen

    2. transitive verb
    1) rösten; toasten [Brot]
    2) (drink in honour of) trinken auf (+ Akk.)
    * * *
    I 1. [təust] verb
    (to make (bread etc) brown in front of direct heat: We toasted slices of bread for tea.) toasten
    2. noun
    (bread that has been toasted: He always has two pieces of toast for breakfast.) der Toast
    - academic.ru/119124/toasted">toasted
    - toaster
    - toaster oven
    - toastrack     II 1. [təust] verb
    (to drink ceremonially in honour of, or to wish success to (someone or something): We toasted the bride and bridegroom / the new ship.) trinken auf
    2. noun
    1) (an act of toasting: Let's drink a toast to our friends!) der Toast
    2) (the wish conveyed, or the person etc honoured, by such an act.) der Trinkspruch
    * * *
    [təʊst, AM toʊst]
    I. n
    1. no pl (bread) Toast m
    slice of \toast Scheibe f Toast
    to be warm as \toast mollig [o SCHWEIZ meist wohlig] warm sein
    2. (when drinking) Toast m, Trinkspruch m
    the \toast was the success of the future es wurde auf den zukünftigen Erfolg getrunken
    to drink a \toast to sb/sth auf jdn/etw trinken
    to propose a \toast to sb/sth einen Trinkspruch auf jdn/etw ausbringen
    the \toast of the town ( dated) der Star der Stadt
    3.
    ▶ to be \toast AM (fam!) erledigt sein fam
    ▶ to have sb on \toast BRIT ( fam) jdn in der Hand haben
    II. vt
    1. (cook over heat)
    to \toast almonds/walnuts Mandeln/Walnüsse rösten
    to \toast bread/a muffin Brot/ein Muffin toasten
    2. ( fig: warm up)
    to \toast oneself/one's feet by the fire sich akk /seine Füße am Feuer wärmen
    ▪ to \toast sb/sth auf jdn/etw trinken [o anstoßen]
    to be \toasted as a beauty/success ( fig) als eine Schönheit/Erfolg gefeiert werden
    * * *
    I [təʊst]
    1. n
    Toast m

    a piece of toast — ein Toast m, eine Scheibe Toast

    2. vt
    bread toasten; (on open fire, in oven) rösten

    to toast one's feet by the fire — sich (dat) die Füße am Feuer wärmen

    3. vi
    (bread etc) sich toasten/rösten lassen; (inf person) braten (inf), rösten (inf) II
    1. n
    1) Toast m, Trinkspruch m

    to drink or raise a toast to sb — auf jdn trinken, einen Toast auf jdn ausbringen

    they raised their glasses in a toast (to him) — sie hoben ihre Gläser (um auf ihn zu trinken)

    2)

    she was the toast of the town — sie war der gefeierte Star der Stadt

    2. vt

    to toast sb/sth — auf jds Wohl or jdn/etw trinken

    * * *
    toast1 [təʊst]
    A s Toast m:
    (as) warm as toast mollig oder schön warm;
    I’m (as) warm as toast mir ist angenehm warm
    B v/t
    1. a) toasten
    b) rösten
    2. toast one’s hands by the fire sich die Hände am Feuer wärmen
    C v/i
    1. sich toasten oder rösten lassen
    2. be toasting in the sun umg sich in oder von der Sonne braten lassen
    toast2 [təʊst]
    A s
    1. Toast m, Trinkspruch m:
    2. jemand oder etwas, auf den oder das ein Toast ausgebracht wird
    3. gefeierte Person oder Sache:
    the toast of the opera season der Star der Opernsaison
    B v/t toasten oder trinken auf (akk), einen Toast oder Trinkspruch ausbringen auf (akk)
    C v/i toasten (to auf akk)
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) no pl., no indef. art. Toast, der

    cheese/egg on toast — Toast mit Käse/Ei

    as warm as toast — (fig.) schön warm (ugs.)

    2) (call to drink) Toast, der

    drink/propose a toast to somebody/something — auf jemanden/etwas trinken/einen Toast auf jemanden/etwas ausbringen

    2. transitive verb
    1) rösten; toasten [Brot]
    2) (drink in honour of) trinken auf (+ Akk.)
    * * *
    v.
    rösten v. n.
    Röstbrot -e n.
    Toast -s m.
    Toastbrot n.

    English-german dictionary > toast

  • 5 warm

    wo:m
    1. adjective
    1) (moderately, or comfortably, hot: Are you warm enough, or shall I close the window?; a warm summer's day.) de temperatura adecuada; caliente, caluroso; templado; cálido
    2) ((of clothes) protecting the wearer from the cold: a warm jumper.) de abrigo, que calienta/abriga
    3) (welcoming, friendly, enthusiastic etc: a warm welcome; a warm smile.) cálido, caluroso
    4) (tending to make one hot: This is warm work!) que da calor, que hace sudar
    5) ((of colours) enriched by a certain quantity of red or pink, or (of red etc) rich and bright: a warm red; I don't want white walls - I want something warmer.) caliente

    2. verb
    1) (to make moderately hot: He warmed his hands in front of the fire.) calentar
    2) (to become friendly (towards) or enthusiastic (about): She warmed to his charm.) entusiasmarse (con)

    3. noun
    (an act of warming: Give your hands a warm in front of the fire.) acción de calentar(se)
    - warmness
    - warmth
    - warm-blooded
    - warmed-over
    - warmhearted
    - warmheartedness
    - warm up
    warm1 adj
    1. caliente
    2. caluroso / cálido
    to be warm hacer calor / tener calor
    I'm warm, open the window tengo calor, abre la ventana
    warm2 vb calentar
    tr[wɔːm]
    1 (climate, wind) cálido,-a; (day) caluroso,-a, de calor
    2 (hands etc) caliente; (liquid) tibio,-a, templado,-a
    3 (clothing) de abrigo, que abriga
    4 (colour) cálido,-a
    5 (welcome, applause, etc) cálido,-a, caluroso,-a
    6 (character) afectuoso,-a
    7 (scent) fresco,-a; (in game) caliente
    1 (gen) calentar
    1 calentarse
    1 el calor nombre masculino
    ■ don't stand out there! come into the warm! ¡no te quedes allí fuera! ¡ven al calor!
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    as warm as toast calentito,-a
    to get warm calentarse
    to keep warm (person) abrigarse 2 (food) mantener caliente
    warm front frente nombre masculino cálido
    warm ['wɔrm] vt
    1) heat: calentar, recalentar
    2)
    to warm one's heart : reconfortar a uno, alegrar el corazón
    3)
    to warm up : calentar (los músculos, un automóvil, etc.)
    warm vi
    1) : calentarse
    2)
    to warm to : tomarle simpatía (a alguien), entusiasmarse con (algo)
    warm adj
    1) lukewarm: tibio, templado
    2) : caliente, cálido, caluroso
    a warm wind: un viento cálido
    a warm day: un día caluroso, un día de calor
    warm hands: manos calientes
    3) : caliente, que abriga
    warm clothes: ropa de abrigo
    I feel warm: tengo calor
    4) caring, cordial: cariñoso, cordial
    5) : cálido (dícese de colores)
    6) fresh: fresco, reciente
    a warm trail: un rastro reciente
    7) (used for riddles) : caliente
    v.
    • acalorar v.
    • alegrar v.
    • caldear v.
    • calentar v.
    • regocijar v.
    adj.
    • abrigada adj.
    • acalorado, -a adj.
    • afectuoso, -a adj.
    • calido, -a adj.
    • caluroso, -a adj.
    • cálido, -a adj.

    I wɔːrm, wɔːm
    adjective -er, -est
    1) <water/day> tibio, templado; <climate/wind> cálido

    warm clothes — ropa f de abrigo or (RPl, Ven tb) abrigada or (Andes, Méx tb) abrigadora

    to get warm — \<\<person\>\> entrar en calor, calentarse*; \<\<room\>\> calentarse*

    2)
    a) (affectionate, cordial) < person> cariñoso, afectuoso; < welcome> caluroso, cálido
    b) <color/atmosphere> cálido
    3)
    a) ( in riddles) (pred) caliente

    France? - no! - Poland? - you're getting warmer! — ¿Francia? - no! - ¿Polonia? - caliente, caliente!

    am I getting warmer? — ¿me estoy acercando a la respuesta?

    b) ( fresh) < scentail> reciente, fresco

    II
    1.
    transitive verb calentar*

    to warm oneself — calentarse*


    2.
    vi
    a) ( become hotter) calentarse*

    to warm TO o TOWARD somebody: we soon warmed to o toward her pronto se ganó nuestra simpatía; I didn't warm to him — no me resultó muy simpático

    Phrasal Verbs:

    III

    come into the warm — entra, que aquí está calentito (fam)

    [wɔːm]
    1. ADJ
    (compar warmer) (superl warmest)
    1) (=hot) [bath, hands, feet] caliente; [water] templado, tibio; [air] templado, cálido; [room, place, weather] cálido

    • to be warm — [person] tener calor

    • to get warm — [person] entrar en calor; [object, surface] calentarse

    it's getting warmer — [weather] ya empieza a hacer más calor

    to be getting warm — (in guessing game) ir acercándose a la respuesta

    you're getting warm(er)! — ¡caliente, caliente!

    • to keep sb warm — mantener caliente a algn, mantener a algn abrigado

    to keep (o.s.) warm — mantenerse abrigado

    - be as warm as toast
    2) (=thick) [clothes] de abrigo, abrigado (S. Cone)
    3) (=cosy, homely) [colour, shade, sound] cálido
    4) (=kindly) [person, smile, face] simpático, afable, cálido

    • warmest congratulations to... — la más cordial or sincera enhorabuena a...

    • warmest thanks to... — mi/nuestro más sincero agradecimiento a...

    • to give sb a warm welcome — dar a algn una cordial or calurosa bienvenida

    • with warmest wishes — (in letter) con mis/nuestros mejores deseos

    2. VT
    1) (=heat) [+ one's hands, feet] calentarse

    to warm o.s. — calentarse

    cockle
    2) = warm up 2., 1)
    3.
    VI = warm up
    4.
    N

    the warm: come into the warm! — ¡entra aquí que hace calorcito! *

    5.
    ADV
    *
    6.
    CPD

    warm front N — (Met) frente m cálido

    * * *

    I [wɔːrm, wɔːm]
    adjective -er, -est
    1) <water/day> tibio, templado; <climate/wind> cálido

    warm clothes — ropa f de abrigo or (RPl, Ven tb) abrigada or (Andes, Méx tb) abrigadora

    to get warm — \<\<person\>\> entrar en calor, calentarse*; \<\<room\>\> calentarse*

    2)
    a) (affectionate, cordial) < person> cariñoso, afectuoso; < welcome> caluroso, cálido
    b) <color/atmosphere> cálido
    3)
    a) ( in riddles) (pred) caliente

    France? - no! - Poland? - you're getting warmer! — ¿Francia? - no! - ¿Polonia? - caliente, caliente!

    am I getting warmer? — ¿me estoy acercando a la respuesta?

    b) ( fresh) <scent/trail> reciente, fresco

    II
    1.
    transitive verb calentar*

    to warm oneself — calentarse*


    2.
    vi
    a) ( become hotter) calentarse*

    to warm TO o TOWARD somebody: we soon warmed to o toward her pronto se ganó nuestra simpatía; I didn't warm to him — no me resultó muy simpático

    Phrasal Verbs:

    III

    come into the warm — entra, que aquí está calentito (fam)

    English-spanish dictionary > warm

  • 6 FYRIR

    * * *
    prep.
    I. with dat.
    1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);
    fyrir dyrum, before the door;
    2) before one, in one’s presence;
    hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;
    3) for;
    hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;
    4) before one, in one’s way;
    fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;
    sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;
    5) naut. term. before, off;
    liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;
    fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;
    6) before, at the head of, over;
    vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;
    vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;
    sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;
    7) of time, ago;
    fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;
    fyrir stundu, a while ago;
    fyrir löngu, long ago;
    vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
    8) before, above, superior to;
    Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;
    9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;
    þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;
    tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;
    10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;
    mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;
    varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;
    Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;
    11) because of, for;
    hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;
    fyrir hræðslu, for fear;
    illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;
    gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;
    fyrir því at, because, since, as;
    12) against;
    gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;
    beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;
    13) fyrir sér, of oneself;
    mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;
    minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;
    14) denoting manner or quality, with;
    hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;
    II. with acc.
    1) before, in front of;
    halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;
    2) before, into the presence of;
    stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;
    3) over;
    hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;
    kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;
    4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;
    ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;
    5) round, off;
    sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;
    6) along, all along;
    fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;
    draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;
    7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;
    fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;
    8) for, on behalf of;
    vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;
    lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;
    9) for, for the benefit of;
    þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);
    10) for, instead of, in place of, as;
    11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);
    fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);
    fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;
    12) denoting value, price;
    fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;
    fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;
    13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);
    14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);
    fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;
    fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;
    fyrir handan á, beyond the river;
    fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;
    III. as adverb or ellipt.
    1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;
    þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;
    2) first;
    mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;
    3) at hand, present, to the fore;
    föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;
    þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);
    4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;
    e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).
    * * *
    prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]
    WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.
    2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.
    3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.
    II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.
    2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).
    3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.
    4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.
    III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.
    IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.
    V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.
    B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.
    2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.
    II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).
    2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.
    III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.
    2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.
    IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.
    V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.
    2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.
    β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.
    VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.
    VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.
    2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.
    VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).
    β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.
    IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.
    X. as adverb or ellipt.,
    1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.
    β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.
    2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.
    3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.
    XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.
    XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.
    WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.
    2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.
    3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.
    4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).
    II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.
    III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.
    2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.
    IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.
    B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.
    II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.
    III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.
    IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.
    V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.
    VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.
    2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.
    2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.
    VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.
    IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.
    X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.
    2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.
    XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.
    ☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:
    I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.
    β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.
    2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.
    II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:
    1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.
    2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FYRIR

  • 7 spread

    spread [spred] (pt & pp spread)
    1 noun
    (a) (diffusion, growth → of epidemic, fire) propagation f, progression f; (→ of technology, idea) diffusion f, dissémination f; (→ of religion) propagation f;
    ∎ they are trying to prevent the spread of unrest to other cities ils essaient d'empêcher les troubles d'atteindre ou de gagner d'autres villes
    (b) (range → of ages, interests) gamme f, éventail m;
    ∎ spread in interest rates différentiel m de taux d'intérêt;
    ∎ the commission represented a broad spread of opinion la commission représentait un large éventail d'opinions;
    ∎ maximum May temperatures show a ten-point spread les températures maximales du mois de mai montrent une variation de dix degrés
    (c) (of wings) envergure f
    (d) (of land) étendue f
    (e) (period) période f;
    ∎ growth occurred over a spread of several years la croissance s'étala sur une période de plusieurs années
    (f) (cover → for bed) couvre-lit m (tablecloth) nappe f; (dustcover) housse f
    (g) Cookery (paste) pâte f à tartiner; (jam) confiture f; (butter substitute) ≃ margarine f;
    ∎ salmon spread beurre m de saumon;
    ∎ chocolate spread chocolat m à tartiner
    (h) Press & Typography (two pages) double page f; (two-page advertisement) double page f publicitaire;
    ∎ the event was given a good spread l'événement a été largement couvert par la presse
    (i) familiar (meal) festin□ m;
    ∎ the hotel lays on a decent spread l'hôtel propose des repas tout à fait convenables□ ;
    ∎ cold spread repas m froid□
    (j) American familiar (farm) ferme□ f; (ranch) ranch□ m;
    ∎ nice spread you've got here! belle propriété que vous avez là!
    (k) Stock Exchange spread m
    (a) (arms, fingers, legs) écarté
    (b) Linguistics (vowel) non arrondi
    (a) (apply → paint, jam, icing, plaster, glue) étaler; (→ asphalt) répandre; (→ manure) épandre;
    ∎ I spread mustard on the ham, I spread the ham with mustard j'ai étalé de la moutarde sur le jambon;
    ∎ he spread butter on a slice of toast or a slice of toast with butter il a tartiné de beurre une tranche de pain grillé;
    ∎ to spread ointment on a burn appliquer ou mettre de la pommade sur une brûlure;
    ∎ to spread the paint evenly étendre ou étaler la peinture en couches égales
    (b) (open out, unfold → wings, sails) étendre, déployer; (→ arms, legs, fingers) écarter; (→ map, napkin, blanket) étaler; (→ rug) étendre; (→ fan) ouvrir;
    ∎ he spread his handkerchief over his face il étala son mouchoir sur son visage;
    ∎ she lay on her back, her arms spread elle était allongée sur le dos, les bras écartés;
    ∎ a bird with its wings spread un oiseau aux ailes déployées;
    ∎ figurative it's time you spread your wings il est temps que vous voliez de vos propres ailes
    (c) (disseminate → disease, fire) propager, répandre; (→ news, idea, faith) propager; (→ rumour) répandre, faire courir; (→ lies) colporter; (→ terror, panic) répandre;
    ∎ the disease is spread by rats la maladie est propagée par les rats;
    ∎ the wind will spread the fire to the fields le vent va propager l'incendie jusque dans les champs;
    ∎ trade helped to spread the new technology to Asia le commerce a facilité la diffusion ou la dissémination de cette nouvelle technologie en Asie;
    ∎ the attack is at noon, spread the word! l'attaque est pour midi, faites passer ou passez le mot!;
    ∎ to spread the gospel prêcher ou répandre l'Évangile; figurative répandre la bonne parole
    (d) (distribute over an area → photos, cards, possessions) étaler; (sand, straw) répandre;
    ∎ he spread his papers on the desk il étala ses papiers sur le bureau;
    ∎ her hair was spread over the pillow ses cheveux s'étalaient sur l'oreiller;
    ∎ we spread the contents of the bag over the floor nous étalâmes le contenu du sac sur le sol;
    ∎ the floor was spread with straw le sol était recouvert de paille;
    ∎ take your shoes off, you're spreading dirt everywhere! enlève tes chaussures, tu salis tout!;
    ∎ the explosion had spread debris over a large area l'explosion avait dispersé des débris sur une grande superficie;
    ∎ their troops are spread too thinly to be effective leurs troupes sont trop dispersées pour être efficaces;
    ∎ figurative to spread oneself too thinly se disperser
    (e) (space out over a period of time) échelonner, étaler;
    ∎ the tourist season is now spread over six months la saison touristique s'étale maintenant sur six mois;
    ∎ the payments are spread over several months les paiements sont échelonnés ou étalés ou répartis sur plusieurs mois;
    ∎ to spread the losses over five years répartir les pertes sur cinq ans
    (f) (divide up → tax burden, work load) répartir;
    ∎ a policy designed to spread wealth more evenly une mesure qui vise à distribuer plus équitablement les richesses
    (g) Music (chord) arpéger
    (a) (stain) s'élargir; (disease, fame, suburb) s'étendre; (fire, desert, flood) gagner du terrain, s'étendre; (rumour, ideas, faith, terror, crime, suspicion) se répandre;
    ∎ panic spread through the crowd la panique a envahi ou gagné la foule;
    ∎ the epidemic is spreading to other regions l'épidémie gagne de nouvelles régions;
    ∎ the cancer had spread through her whole body le cancer s'était généralisé;
    ∎ the suburbs are spreading further everyday les banlieues s'étendent chaque jour un peu plus;
    ∎ the flood waters have spread across or over the whole plain l'inondation a gagné toute la plaine;
    ∎ the species spread throughout Africa l'espèce s'est répandue à travers toute l'Afrique
    (b) (extend → over a period of time, a range of subjects) s'étendre;
    ∎ their correspondence spreads over twenty years leur correspondance s'étend sur vingt ans
    (c) (butter, glue) s'étaler;
    ∎ the icing should spread easily le glaçage devrait s'étaler facilement
    (d) Stock Exchange spéculer sur les différentiels de cours
    ►► spread betting = système de paris portant sur le résultat d'un événement sportif ou autre, où les gains sont proportionnels à la justesse des prédictions, selon une fourchette de résultats préétablie;
    (a) Heraldry aigle f éployée
    (b) (in skating) grand aigle m;
    ∎ to do a spread eagle faire un grand aigle
    (rumour) répandre;
    ∎ have you been spreading it about that I…? est-ce que tu as été raconter partout que je…?
    (a) (disperse) disperser, éparpiller;
    ∎ the buildings are spread out among the trees les bâtiments sont dispersés parmi les arbres;
    ∎ the runners are now spread out (along the course) les coureurs sont maintenant éparpillés le long du parcours;
    ∎ the population is very spread out la population est très dispersée;
    ∎ in a city as spread out as Los Angeles dans une ville aussi étendue que Los Angeles
    (b) (space out in time → deliveries, payments) échelonner;
    ∎ to spread out over several financial years étaler sur plusieurs exercices;
    ∎ to spread out the losses over five years répartir les pertes sur cinq ans
    (c) (open out, unfold → wings) étendre, déployer; (→ arms, legs, fingers) écarter; (→ map, napkin, blanket) étaler; (→ rug) étendre; (→ fan) ouvrir; (lay out → photos, cards, possessions) étaler;
    ∎ she lay on her back, her arms spread out elle était allongée sur le dos, les bras écartés;
    ∎ a bird with its wings spread out un oiseau aux ailes déployées;
    ∎ to spread oneself out (on sofa etc) s'étendre, s'allonger;
    ∎ the plain lay spread out in front of us la plaine s'étalait ou se déployait devant nous;
    ∎ he spread his papers out on the desk il étala ses papiers sur le bureau;
    ∎ their troops are spread out too thinly to be effective leurs troupes sont trop dispersées pour être efficaces
    (a) (town, forest) s'étendre
    (b) (disperse) se disperser; (in formation) se déployer;
    ∎ the search party had spread out through the woods l'équipe de secours s'était déployée à travers les bois
    (c) (open out → sail) se déployer, se gonfler
    (d) (make oneself at ease) s'installer confortablement;
    ∎ I need an office where I can spread out j'ai besoin d'un bureau où je puisse étaler mes affaires

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > spread

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